Be Prepared

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Be Prepared – Individuals and Families Be Prepared – Local Governments Be Prepared – Business Community

There are four components or pillars to Emergency Management; mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. These four components are heavily related to one another. In theory, they would occur in sequence however oftentimes more than one phase is occurring at a time. By taking a comprehensive all-hazards approach, you can reduce your risk and increase public safety.

Symbol Hazard Definition
Blizzard A blizzard is generally classified by sustained winds greater than 40 km/hr reducing visibility to 400 metres or less due to blowing snow for at least a four hour period.
Avalanche A mass of loosened snow, ice, and/or earth suddenly and swiftly sliding down a slope.
Extreme Cold A period of cold temperatures below –27C.
Flood Flooding may result from an overflow from bodies of water, or from an accumulation of rain water and melting snow.
Hurricane/Tropical Storm These cyclonic systems bring mild temperatures, damaging high winds and often heavy rain.
Storm Surge A storm surge is caused by wind and air pressure that creates high waves and pounding surf.
Landslide Downslope movement of soil, rock and debris.
Extreme Heat A period of warm temperatures that may be accompanied by high humidity and/or poor air quality.
Forest Fire A wildfire is an unplanned or unwanted natural or person-caused fire which requires suppression action.
Earthquake Earthquakes are generated from the movement of rock along a fault line beneath the Earth’s surface.
Tsunami A tsunami is a series of very large destructive waves produced by a violent vertical motion of the sea floor.

*This may not be a comprehensive list of the risks in your community. Contact your municipality for help identifying the hazards to you and your family*

Be Prepared – Individuals and Families

Know the Risks

Critical to the success of the emergency management system is personal preparedness.

At home that means:

  • Having and being familiar with your home insurance policy
  • Knowing where the emergency kit, fire extinguisher, water shut off valve, and electrical panel box are all located
  • Making sure you have a working smoke detector and carbon monoxide detector
  • Having a record of emergency contact information
  • Making sure your child’s school or daycare has an updated list of contacts with permission to pick up your children.

In case of an adverse weather event or major emergency or disaster, you will need some basic supplies set aside. You should always be prepared to be self-sufficient for at least 72 hours to allow emergency workers to focus on those of most urgent need.

Many of the items required for an emergency kit can be found around your home and should be placed together in advance of a disaster. You should store a three day supply of water, food, and clothing for each person, including supplies for family pets. Remember to replace food and water annually.

Basic emergency kit checklist:

  • Two litres of drinking water per person/per day
  • Non-perishable canned and dried foods
  • Manual can opener and disposable plates and utensils
  • Prescription glasses/contact lenses and supplies
  • Prescription medications/medical equipment
  • Personal hygiene items
  • Extra water for washing (if possible)
  • First aid kit
  • Battery-operated radio
  • Battery-operated flashlight
  • Extra batteries
  • Phone charger and battery bank
  • Cash
  • Car and house keys
  • Change of clothing and footwear per person
  • Copy of personal documents (Identification, insurance and bank account information. This should be stored electronically or placed in a waterproof bag)
  • Home emergency plan with contact numbers
  • Blanket or sleeping bag per person

For those with babies, toddlers and children consider:

  • Formula
  • Diapers
  • Bottles
  • Wipes
  • Games, books, crafts

If you have a pet add:

  • Pet food
  • Water
  • Bowls
  • Leash
  • Kennel

Emergency kits should be stored in a dry place, in an easy to carry container or backpack, and all family members should know where it is located.

Plan in advance to have your vehicles fueled and to have cash on hand. Gas pumps and bank machines will not work during power outages. Drivers should also consider packing an emergency kit for their vehicle.

Basic vehicle emergency kit checklist:

  • Food
  • Water
  • Blanket
  • Extra clothing and shoes
  • Firs aid kit
  • Small shovel, scraper and snowbrush
  • Trip plan
  • Candle in a deep can and waterproof matches
  • Wind-up flashlight
  • Wind-up radio
  • Cell phone charger and battery bank
  • Whistle
  • Roadmaps
  • Copy of personal documents (Identification, insurance and bank account information. This should be stored electronically or placed in a waterproof bag)
  • Sand, salt, or cat litter (non-clumping)
  • Traction mat
  • Antifreeze/windshield washer fluid
  • Tow ropes
  • Jumper cables
  • Fire extinguisher
  • Warning light or road flares
  • Reflective vest, gloves

Before an Emergency

Snow/Blizzard

A blizzard is generally classified by sustained winds greater than 40 km/hr reducing visibility to 400 metres or less due to blowing snow for at least a four hour period.

If a severe storm is forecast:

  • Stock up on heating fuel and non-perishable food
  • Have a battery-powered flashlight available and a radio (with extra batteries)
  • Pay close attention to weather forecasts
  • Charge mobile devices
  • Have an emergency kit readied

Avalanche

An avalanche can happen in all regions of Canada, however, are rare in Newfoundland and Labrador. Avalanches are triggered by wind, rain, warming temperatures or snowfall.

To avoid the dangers of an avalanche:

  • Always travel the backcountry with a group
  • Obey road closures and signage

Extreme Temperatures

The risk from extreme cold is generally windburn and frostbite when temperatures drop below -27C. Those most at risk include; the homeless, outdoor workers, infants and seniors.

To reduce your risk:

  • Pay attention to weather alerts and warnings
  • Wear appropriate clothing
  • Dress in layers
  • Wear socks, gloves, a hat, and scarf

Extreme heat events may seem rare in Newfoundland and Labrador but the risk of heat stroke or death is real. During a heat wave the most important thing to do is to keep cool and hydrated.

To reduce your risk:

  • Pay attention to weather alerts and warnings
  • Dress appropriately
  • Drink plenty of water

Flooding

Flooding may result from an overflow from bodies of water, or from an accumulation of rain water and melting snow.

To reduce the likelihood of a flood you should:

  • Weather seal doors and windows
  • Consider installing a sump pump
  • Move important documents and belongings to higher ground
  • Remove toilet bowls and plug basement sewer drains and toilet connections with a wooden stopper

Hurricane/Tropical Storm

Hurricane season officially runs from June through November when the waters of the Atlantic Ocean are warm enough to produce a tropical cyclone, a category of weather systems that includes tropical depressions, tropical storms and hurricanes. These systems bring mild temperatures, high winds and often heavy rain.

By taking these precautions you can help save lives and minimize property damage:

  • Secure loose items around your house and clear drains and basins
  • Trim branches and cut down dead trees
  • Be prepared to move inland and go to higher ground
  • Have an emergency kit available and be prepared for at least 72 hours, with food, water, batteries, a portable radio, and prescription medications.
  • Stay up-to-date by monitoring forecast information and local news

Storm Surge

A storm surge is caused by wind and air pressure and creates high waves and pounding surf which could lead to coastal flooding.

Storm surges can happen without much notice, so those living near the coastline should always:

  • Repair vulnerable areas of their home in a timely fashion
  • Consider having sandbags and installing a sump pump
  • Keep important documents and expensive items above ground level
  • Have an emergency kit and be ready to evacuate
  • If an evacuation is necessary close windows and doors

Landslides

Most landslides are small, however landslides can occur in all regions but are most destructive in mountainous areas.

Landslides primarily occur without warning though there are some things you can do to protect your home:

  • Learn about your local geology and the potential for landslides in your area
  • Do not undercut steep banks
  • Do not build near the top or base of steep slopes
  • Do not place fill or water on steep slopes
  • Know municipal emergency contact numbers

Forest Fire

A wildfire is an unplanned or unwanted natural or person-caused fire which requires suppression action. On average there are more than 160 wildfires in Newfoundland and Labrador every year.

If you see a wildfire report it by calling 1-866-709-FIRE (3473). If it safe to do so take these steps before evacuating:

  • Close all windows and doors in the house
  • Cover vents, windows, and other openings of the house
  • Move combustibles away from the house
  • Turn on lawn hoses and sprinklers
  • Stay tuned to local news stations for updates

Earthquake

Earthquakes are generated from the movement of rock along a fault line beneath the Earth’s surface. Earthquakes are rare in Newfoundland and Labrador. In Canada, the coast of British Columbia is the region most at risk of a major earthquake.

If you live in an area prone to earthquakes consider:

  • Ensuring furniture and wall hangings are secured as well as possible
  • Using anti-skid pads under heavy appliances
  • Using child-proof or safety latches on cupboards

Tsunami

Tsunamis are rare — caused by events such as an earthquake, tsunamis are a series of very large waves. They can happen with little warning and result in flooding and damage to coastal areas.

When Natural Resources Canada issues a tsunami warning:

  • Move to higher ground immediately
  • Take only your emergency kit
  • Listen to the advice of emergency officials

Make a Plan

In the event of an evacuation you should have:

Pre-Identified Evacuation Routes

  • Plan two evacuation routes from each room of the house
  • Do not use an elevator if you are in an apartment building
  • Follow all guidance given by first responders

Established Meeting Places

  • Choose a meeting place near your home on the same side of the street if possible
  • Choose an alternate meeting place outside your neighborhood

Address Any Special Health Needs

  • Have in writing any medical conditions that you or a family member may have. Include medications, medical equipment, medical history, allergies, medical conditions, recent vaccinations
  • Have in writing your insurance information and emergency contacts
  • Consider talking to your physician about extra medications in the event pharmacies close

A Plan for Pets – They are Family Members Too!

  • Take pets with you when you leave
  • Take a kennel with you. Some shelters for pets will require a kennel. This will also alleviate any concerns for boarding facilities, pet shelters, or a pet friendly hotel who will run out of space or require the use of one
  • Identify any friends or family who may be able to take your pet. Shelters for residents generally only allow designated service animals.

Know what to do

During an Emergency

Snow/Blizzard

When a winter storm hits:

  • Stay indoors if at all possible, avoid unnecessary travel
  • If you must go outside, dress for the weather
  • Avoid travelling alone and in the dark if at all possible
  • If your car gets stuck in a blizzard or snowstorm, remain calm and stay in your car. Beware of exhaust fumes and check the exhaust pipe periodically to make sure it is not blocked with snow.
  • If you do try to shovel the snow from around your car, avoid overexerting yourself. Overexertion in the bitter cold can cause death as a result of sweating or a heart attack.
  • Keep watch for traffic or searchers.

Avalanche

If driving during an avalanche:

  • Remain in your vehicle with your seatbelt on
  • If possible, drive to a safe area
  • Avoid driving through the avalanche

If you become caught in an avalanche:

  • Grab onto something solid to avoid being swept away
  • Keep your mouth closed and teeth clenched
  • Try to stay on the surface using a swimming motion
  • Try to move to the side of the avalanche

When you come to a stop:

  • Push yourself towards the surface
  • Try to dig yourself out
  • Make an air pocket in front of your face using one arm, push the other arm towards the surface
  • Relax your breathing
  • Stay calm and shout out only when a searcher is near

Extreme Temperatures

During a cold snap:

  • Seek shelter
  • Keep moving to maintain body heat
  • Wear a face mask and goggles if participating in winter activities
  • On sunny day, use lip balm and sun screen
  • If you get wet, change into dry clothing as soon as possible

During a heat wave:

  • Arrange for visits of vulnerable family members and friends
  • Find ways to keep cool
  • Drink plenty of liquids, preferably water
  • Pay attention to how you feel
  • Dress appropriately
  • Wear sunglasses and sunscreen

Flooding

During a flood, you should listen to radio and newscasts for information from emergency officials and have an emergency kit available in the event of an evacuation. Never cross floodwaters on foot or in a vehicle as the water may be deeper than it looks.

Should you need to leave your home during a flood, you should:

  • Take an emergency kit with you
  • Use well-travelled roads and thoroughfares, don’t take shortcuts

Hurricane/Tropical Storm

Residents can protect themselves against the vulnerability to hurricanes by taking these precautions:

  • Check the forecast before boating
  • Stay away from the shoreline
  • Listen to local news reports for direction from emergency authorities
  • Have an emergency kit ready in the event of an evacuation

Storm Surge

Getting caught near the coastline during a storm surge could be deadly. Be aware of the risk of hypothermia and drowning.

During a storm surge:

  • Do not get close to the water’s edge to take photos or video
  • Listen to local forecasts and the advice of emergency officials
  • Stay away from windows and doors and move above ground level if at all possible
  • Do not drive through flood waters

Landslide

If caught in the path of a landslide:

  • Take cover furthest away from the approaching landslide
  • Take shelter under a table or bench
  • Hold on firmly and stay put until all movement has ended

Forest Fire

Being aware of safe fire practices and understanding the hazards of wildfires is critical in reducing the harm to humans.

During a wildfire:

  • Monitor local news
  • Have an emergency kit ready
  • Evacuate if told to do so

Earthquake

Earthquakes vary greatly in severity and are measured on a Richter scale based on seismograph records. Wherever you are during an earthquake you should take cover immediately, and stay put until the shaking stops.

You should avoid; doorways, windows, elevators, downed power lines, and coastlines.

If you are indoors you should:

  • Take cover under heavy furniture and protect your head and torso from failing objects
  • If you cannot take cover, flatten yourself against an interior wall
  • Stay away from windows and doors

If you are outdoors you should:

  • Go to an open area away from buildings
  • Take cover where possible

If you are in a vehicle you should:

  • Pull over
  • Avoid bridges, overpasses, underpasses, and buildings
  • Stay inside the vehicle
  • Listen to your radio
  • Wait to be rescued

Tsunami

A rapid and unexpected recession of water levels (below low tide) is a sign of an approaching tsunami and can occur just minutes before the tsunami strikes.

If you cannot get to higher ground:

  • Stay inside and face the landward side of your home away from windows and doors
  • Listen to the advice of emergency officials and if you are safe do not leave your home

After an Emergency

These tips are general instructions and may not apply to every situation. Every emergency is unique.

After an emergency:

  • Stay calm
  • Check yourself and others for injuries
  • Check on neighbours
  • Listen for instructions from emergency responders
  • Be careful on foot
  • Check your property for structural damage
  • Secure a water supply
  • Stay away from damaged areas
  • Stay away from loose or downed power lines

Extreme Temperatures

Prolonged exposure to extreme cold or heat may require medical attention. Call 9-1-1 in an emergency.

If you suspect windburn:

  • Do not scratch the area
  • Apply a therapeutic moisturizer
  • Use lip balm

If you are showing signs of frostbite:

  • Move to a warm room and wrap yourself in blankets
  • Add heat directly to the injured area
  • Drink hot liquids

If you feel overcome by the heat:

  • Move to a cooler place
  • Apply cold water to the skin or your clothes
  • Fan yourself
  • Drink cool liquids

Flooding

Flood water can be heavily contaminated with sewage and other pollutants and can cause mould and power surges. Advice for Residents and Communities Affected by Flood

Use extreme caution when returning to your home after a flood. You should:

  • Survey your home for structural damage
  • Have your home tested by an electrician, do not use appliances until safe to do so
  • Contact your insurance provider
  • Record details of flood damage using photos and video if possible
  • Restore your home to good order as soon as possible

Earthquake

Beware of aftershocks and other secondary effects of earthquakes like landslides, flooding and tsunamis.

After an earthquake you should:

  • Listen to instructions from emergency officials
  • Check your home for structural damage
  • Carefully clean up
  • Check on your neighbours