Leaves

• flat, needle like
• 2-3 cm in length
• rounded or notched at tip
• dark shiny green on top, whitish on bottom
• usually appear two-ranked

Cones

• 5-10 cm in length
• oblong-shaped
• dark purple resinous cone with fan-shaped scales with short, pointed bracts
• after maturing in September, cones disintegrate leaving an erect central stock

Bark

• smooth
• pale grey on young stalks with numerous resin blisters
• somewhat roughened, scaly red-brown on mature trees
• very old trunks have small irregular plates with few or no resin blisters

General

• most common species in Newfoundland
• grows best on moist well-drained soils in pure or mixed stands
• ranges in height from 15-21 m and 30-50 cm in diameter
• wood is used extensively for pulp and lumber
• favorite Newfoundland Christmas tree
• species has a history of insect attacks from insects such as the Spruce Budworm,Hemlock Looper, and the Balsam Wooly Aphid