Hydraulics for Operators

• Hydrostatics – relationship between pressure and depth (height) of water
• Energy present in a fluid – pressure head, velocity head, elevation head
• Hydraulic Grade Line
• Pressure (friction) losses in a distribution system – pipes and fittings

Water Hammer

• Theory of water hammer
• Water hammer protection devices – surge arrestor, surge chamber

Low Pressure on Service Lines

• Reasons for low pressure on service lines under static flow conditions
• Reasons for low pressure on service lines under dynamic flow conditions
• Troubleshooting low pressure on service lines

Pumps

• Pump theory – atmospheric pressure, total dynamic head, suction head, suction friction losses, discharge head, discharge friction losses
• Pump applications in a water distribution system
• Types of pumps and how they work – positive displacement, centrifugal pumps, turbine pumps
• Pump components – impellers, packing, lantern rings, mechanical seals, bearings
• Operation and maintenance of pumps – pump alignment, cavitation, net positive suction head, troubleshooting
• Pump curves

Valves

• Types of valves – gate, butterfly, pressure reducing, check, air release, globe, needle, ball, plug, solenoid, automatic
• Installation and maintenance of valves

Flushing of Distribution System

• Velocities in the distribution system
• Results of flushing
• Flushing precautions and safety
• Flushing techniques – unidirectional, conventional

Certification Exam Preparation

• Practice Questions – typical certification exam questions related to material covered during this module

Math and Metric for Water System Operators

• Each module will include various math and metric related discussions